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Archive for March 28th, 2011

British scientists found the first direct evidence that the disturbance of concentration and hiperakif (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder / ADHD) is a genetic disorder and it is hoped these findings lead to better treatments to treat the condition.
Anita Thapar, a professor of child and adolescent psychiatry at Cardiff University who led the research, said this study should help dispel the myth that ADHD is caused by poor parenting or diet, ie sugar levels are too high.

“This study is really interesting because it gives us the first direct genetic link to ADHD. Now we can say with full confidence ADHD is a genetic disease and that the brains of children with this condition its development different from those of other children,” said Thapar .

ADHD is one of the children’s mental disorders are the most common and is estimated to strike about 3 to 5 percent of children globally. ADHD is no cure, but symptoms can still be controlled through a combination of medication and behavioral therapy.

Millions of people taking ADHD drugs, including drugs made by Novartis, Ritalin, generic name methylphenidate, from Johnson & Johnson is Concerta, From Shire is Adderall and Vyvanse, while Eli Lilly’s product is Strattera. Global sales of ADHD drugs is about U.S. $ 4 billion in 2009, according to pharmaceutical analyst at Deutsche Bank in London.

Thapar says the findings will help reveal the biological basis of ADHD, and it will be very important in the future for the development of new treatments are far more effective.

The study also shows the condition of overlap between segments of DNA that were deleted or duplicated, known as copy number variants (CNVs), and genetic variants associated with brain disorders autism and schizophrenia. And these conditions gave the scientist “strong evidence” that ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition.

Cardiff team that analyzed the genomes of 366 children with ADHD and compared them with 1047 samples from children without ADHD to try to find the variation in their genetic changes.

The findings, published in the journal The Lancet showed that these rare CNVs almost two times more often found in children with ADHD compared with other children.

Nigel Williams, who also worked on the study, noting overlap CNVs found in children with ADHD and area maps of genes that are known to affect susceptibility to autism and schizophrenia.

“We have seen a clear genetic relationship between these segments with other brain disorders. These findings give us clues to changes that can cause ADHD,” he added.

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Great Wall of China (Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, pinyin, Chángchéng) also known in China as the Great Wall Along the 10,000 Li Wanli Chángchéng) is the longest building ever built by humans, is located in the People’s Republic of China. Initially, Qin Shi-huang is estimated that commence construction of the wall, but according to the research literature, history and records, the wall was already made before the Qin Dynasty stand, precisely was first built in Warring States Period. Emperor Qin Shi-huang continue development and strengthening of the wall that was built earlier.

After the death of Qin Shi-huang, making this wall had been halted and only resumed in Sui Dynasty, the last resumed again at the time of the Ming Dynasty. Form the Great Wall, which we now see is the result of development of the Sun earlier era. The inside of the wall containing soil mixed with bricks and rocks.

Great wall of china facts can be traced to the 9th century BC. At that time, the Chinese government in the middle connecting the castle and the fire tower which is a military checkpoint on the border into one long wall in order to fend off ethnic groups from northern China.

Those countries for its own defenses in a row to build a big wall on the hill and mountain, located on the border. In the year 221 BC, Emperor Qinshihuang unify China. After that, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered that the walls built by various countries principality was spliced ??into a big wall as fortifications to fend off cavalry attacks nomadic ethnic groups in Mongolia grassland of north China.

Great Wall at that time reached 5,000 kilometers in length. The Great Wall of coordination after the collapse of the Qin Dynasty Han extended to 10 thousand miles more.

Great Wall which we call the great wall are now mostly built in the Ming Dynasty which ruled between the years 1368 and 1644. Stems from the western tip of Jiayu Fortress in West China’s Gansu Province and the eastern tip of the Yalu River is situated on the edge of Northeast China’s Liaoning Province after passing through 9 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions along the 7300 kilometers, or equal to 14 thousand li of China. Thus, the Great Wall is known as the “long wall 10 thousand li” in Chinese.

As a stronghold of defense, the Great Wall was built by following the course of mountain peaks. To adjust to its topography, the construction of the Great Wall of implementing the structure implemented extraordinary and different.

Great Wall which extends along the winding mountain peaks is almost impossible to be conquered by enemies in ancient times because of the mountains and the slopes on which the wall was too steep to climb.

The Great Wall was built with big stones inserted in the soil and rock fragments. Height of approximately 10 meters and a width of approximately 5 meters, enough for 4 horses running side by side. On the side of the wall was built doors and stairs to climb down.

Great Wall connected with the castle or tower fire every sector, where the stored weapons and food supplies. Fortress and the fire tower was used as a resting place for soldiers in peace time and is a stronghold of defense to ward off enemy attacks during the war.

In the important sector of the Great Wall, such as strategic path, the crack of the mountain and sea borders of the mountain with a large gate is usually constructed loft. Now some of the attic that gate has been turned into a tourist attraction, for example attic Shanhaiguan Gate at the east end of the Great Wall, dubbed as China’s number one gate attic and attic Juyongguan Gate of the Great Wall at Badaling sector around Beijing.

Functions of the Great Wall as military fortifications are now no longer exists, but the beauty of its architecture remains very impressive.

The beauty of the Great Wall is reflected in the grandeur, power and greatness. Remove the view from a place far to the Great Wall, the huge high wall that extends for thousands of miles it looked like a gigantic dragon-geliut menggeliang down the mountain, when viewed from close range, then the wall was filled with art attraction with diverse architecture.

The Great Wall is a hard-earned sweat and blood soaked and impregnated wit the Chinese people in ancient times. How heavy construction projects on the ancient Great Wall that is still low earning power is hard to imagine.